What does the presence of microcalcifications on a mammogram suggest?

The presence of microcalcifications on a mammogram is significant as it can indicate the possibility of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Microcalcifications are tiny deposits of calcium that can appear in breast tissue. While some microcalcifications can be associated with benign conditions, their pattern and morphology are critical for interpretation.

Clusters of microcalcifications, especially when they are irregular in shape or are heterogeneous, may suggest changes in the breast tissue that are indicative of malignancy, particularly DCIS. DCIS is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that originates in the milk ducts and has not yet spread beyond the ductal walls. Early detection through mammography can lead to better outcomes, which is why recognizing these signs is crucial for radiologists and healthcare providers.

The other options do not accurately reflect the implications of microcalcifications seen on mammograms. For example, infection would not typically manifest as microcalcifications, and breast size increase is unrelated to the presence of microcalcifications. While benign conditions can cause microcalcifications, the particular characteristics associated with them more strongly suggest the potential for DCIS in certain contexts.